Exploring the reasons for the deviation in the temperature field obtained from the 1∶1 tread brake and the reduced-scale disc brake is beneficial for improving the accuracy of using reduced-scale braking mode to evaluate the thermal load capacity of brake friction pairs.Based on the TM-I reduced-scale vehicle brake test bench and 1∶1 brake test bench,using the ADINA software,the temperature fields of the two braking modes were simulated under the conditions of braking pressure of 10 kN,15 kN,20 kN and initial speed of 60 km/h,80 km/h,105 km/h.The factors affecting the temperature deviation of the two braking modes were analyzed.The results show that there is a significant difference in temperature between the 1∶1 tread brake mode and the reduced-scale disc brake mode,and the temperature obtained by the 1∶1 tread brake is higher than that of the disc brake.The temperature difference between the two braking modes is not significant with the change of pressure,but increases significantly with the increase of initial braking speed.Due to the concentrated friction area and poor heat dissipation of tread brake mode,the braking temperature is increased by 56% to 77% as the initial speed increases from 60 km/h to 105 km/h.For disc braking,due to the uneven friction arc length along the direction of disc radius,the heat dissipation area is large,and the braking temperature is increased by 32% to 44% with the increase of speed.