To investigate the effects of temperature,surface morphology characteristics,and material properties on the sealing performance of rubber sealing rings,the material properties of rubber at low temperatures were analyzed to investigate the law of material properties with temperature.A finite element simulation model of the rubber seal was established based on ABAQUS software,and a solid-thermal analysis of sequential coupling and complete coupling was carried out for the pressurized cooling process of O-ring.The contact stress distribution at the interface between the O-ring and the seal was obtained using the sequential coupling method.Based on Kalker′s contact variational principle,the contact mechanics analysis was carried out by Fourier transform,and a numerical relationship between the contact stress and the surface microscopic morphology was established.The leakage rate of the O-ring seal was calculated using Persson′s percolation theory.The results show that as the ambient temperature decreases,the contact pressure curve changes significantly and the contact width decreases.When the temperature decreases to near the glass transition temperature of the rubber material,the elastic modulus of the rubber material increases sharply,the rubber material loses its resilience,the O-ring seal performance decreases,and leakage occurs.